Classification of docks

Wharf: A hydraulic structure for ships to stop, load and unload cargo, and to board visitors. It is the main component of the port. According to the layout of the dock: there are side-by-shore, jetty, pier and so on. The pier is divided into isolated piers connected with shore approach bridges or continuous piers connected by bridges; piers are divided into narrow jetties (the jetty is a whole structure) and wide jetties (the piers on both sides, used in Filling the ground constitutes the dock ground). Divided into sections, there are vertical, ramp, semi-vertical and semi-slope. According to the structure, there are gravity type, sheet pile type, high pile type, slope type, pier type and floating pier type. According to the purpose, there are general cargo terminals, special terminals (fishing piers, oil terminals, coal terminals, ore terminals, container terminals, etc.), passenger terminals, working boat docks for working ships in the port, as well as ship repairing docks and outfitting docks specially designed for ship repairing and shipbuilding work.

Dock Shoreline: The intersection of the vertical plane of the dock building on the side of the ship and the horizontal plane, that is, the length of the coast of the docked ship. It is an important baseline for determining the position and elevation of the wharf. The hydraulic structures that make up the shoreline of the dock are called dock buildings. According to the difference between the draft and the nature of the ship’s draft, it is generally divided into deep water shoreline, shallow water shoreline and auxiliary working shoreline. The total length of the port’s various terminal lines is an important indicator of the size of the port, indicating the number of ships it can operate at the same time.

The frontier working area of the terminal: the site from the terminal line to the leading edge of the first row of warehouses (or yards). It is a place for cargo handling, transhipment and temporary storage. Generally, there are loading and unloading and transportation equipment; there are areas for mobile machinery and transportation vehicles to operate and operate, and some railway tracks for direct access operations. There is no uniform standard for the width of the front working zone, which is mainly determined according to the nature of the terminal operation, the equipment handling process in front of the terminal and other factors. The width of the frontier working area of Chinese coastal ports and general cargo terminals is 25~40 meters. The surface layer of the front working zone is generally paved with concrete, reinforced concrete blocks and block stones to meet the requirements of transportation machinery walking and site operation.

Passenger Station: The place where passengers can go through the boat and board the ship. It includes passenger terminals, ticket offices, waiting rooms, baggage check-in areas, and small luggage storage. Large and medium-sized passenger stations also have restaurants, canteens, postal and telecommunications services. The layout of the passenger station should be as close as possible to other transportation hubs (such as railway stations, bus stations, etc.) to facilitate the collection, transportation and transportation of passengers; to adapt to the development of the city, as close as possible to the city center and the area where the population is concentrated; Passenger and cargo terminals should be set up separately to avoid mutual interference; the waiting room and the passenger terminal should be in close contact to ensure that passengers can get on and off the ship safely and conveniently.

Comprehensive Terminal: also known as the general terminal. A terminal capable of carrying out a variety of cargo handling operations. It adopts general loading and unloading machinery and equipment, generally mainly for loading and unloading groceries. This type of dock is highly adaptable and suitable when the type of cargo is unstable or the batch amount is small.

Professional Terminal: A terminal that is dedicated to the loading and unloading of a fixed type of cargo and the flow of goods relative to a comprehensive terminal. Such as coal terminals, fertilizer (bulk or bagged) terminals, oil terminals, container terminals and so on. The utility model is characterized in that the dock equipment is relatively fixed, the loading and unloading mechanization and automation are convenient, the loading and unloading efficiency is high, the dock passing capacity is large, and the management is convenient.

Cargo Terminal: factories and mines along the river, river, lake and sea. In the process of transportation of raw materials, fuels and finished products, in order to reduce the load and short-distance transportation and reduce the cost of products, it is usually in the vicinity of enterprises near the company. pier. This type of professionally strong terminal is called the cargo terminal.

Container Terminal: A terminal dedicated to container loading and unloading. It generally has special loading and unloading and transportation equipment, a wide yard for collecting and storing containers, and a container freight station for sorting and disassembling containers. Since the container can form a variety of complicated parts and packaged groceries into a standardized unified body, it can be loaded and unloaded and transported by large special equipment to ensure the quality of loading /unloading and transportation of the cargo, and improve the loading and unloading efficiency. Therefore, all countries in the world attach great importance to the grouping and containerized transportation of groceries.

Oil Terminal: A professional terminal for loading and unloading crude oil and refined oil. It has a certain fire safety distance from the general cargo (passenger) terminal and other fixed buildings, see “Oil Port”. The general characteristics of such terminals are that the cargo load is small, and the loading and unloading equipment is relatively simple. When the oil tanker is not large (such as the inland river system), the generally lightweight type of dock can be adapted. Due to the huge modern oil tanker in the modern era, according to the characteristics of the tanker’s ability to withstand wind and waves and deep drafting, the requirements for docking stability are not high. There are currently four deepwater terminals (or facilities) for handling crude oil, namely: single point mooring, multi-point mooring, island pier and trestle wharf. The first three generally do not have wind-proof buildings, and the last one is to set up wind-proof buildings, depending on the layout and local conditions.

Berth: The length of shoreline or the number of vessels occupied by a standardly designed berth. Berth length generally includes the length L of the ship and the necessary safety interval d between ships. D value varies according to the size of the ship. A 10,000-ton berth is 15~20 meters. The number and size of berths is an important indicator of the size of a port or dock. A peer may consist of one or more berths depending on its layout and location.

Berth Utilization rate: The percentage of the total operating time of the ship’s actual occupied berth in a year. It is one of the parameters that measure the use of berths and is an indicator of the ability to calculate berths. Usually determined by statistical analysis of actual data.